by the end是什么意思

by the end of +表示时间的名词,意为“到……末为止,到……最后”,注意悔唯:如果of后面碧闷培接表示过去时间的名词,那么本罩桐句的谓语必须用过去完成时态。 如:How many English words had you learned by the end of last term?到上学期末为止,你学会了多少个英语单词？ I had been to the Summer Palace three times by the end of last year.到去年年末我去过颐和园三次了。